References

Abdulnour R-EE, Gin B, Boscardin CK. “Educational Strategies for Clinical Supervision of Artificial Intelligence Use.” New England Journal of Medicine. 2025;393(8):786-797.

Bainbridge L. “Ironies of Automation.” Automatica. 1983;19(6):775-779.

Bellahsen-Harrar Y, et al. “Exploring the risks of over-reliance on AI in diagnostic pathology.” PLOS ONE. 2025;20(8):e0323270.

Budzyn K, Romanczyk M, et al. “Endoscopist deskilling risk after exposure to artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: a multicentre, observational study.” The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2025;10(10):896-903.

Bureau d’Enquetes et d’Analyses. Final Report, Air France Flight 447 accident of 1 June 2009. Released 5 July 2012.

Chen JH, Pfeffer MA, Longhurst CA. “Why are humans still in the loop with advancing AI capabilities?” BMJ Digital Health and AI. 2026;2:e000057.

Dahmani L, Bohbot VD. “Habitual use of GPS negatively impacts spatial memory during self-guided navigation.” Scientific Reports. 2020;10:6310.

European Union Aviation Safety Agency. Safety Information Bulletin 2013-05R1, “Manual Flight Training and Operations.” Reissued 23 June 2025.

European Union Aviation Safety Agency. Safety Issue Report, “Skills and knowledge degradation due to lack of recent practice.” 2021.

Javadi AH, et al. “Hippocampal and prefrontal processing of network topology to simulate the future.” Nature Communications. 2017;8:14652.

Kosmyna N, et al. “Your brain on ChatGPT: accumulation of cognitive debt when using an AI assistant for essay writing.” arXiv 2506.08872. 2025.

Maguire EA, et al. “Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers.” PNAS. 2000;97(8):4398-4403.

Maguire EA, Woollett K, Spiers HJ. “London taxi drivers and bus drivers: a structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis.” Hippocampus. 2006;16(12):1091-1101.

ProPublica. “How Cigna Saves Millions by Having Its Doctors Reject Claims Without Reading Them.” 2023.

Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU Artificial Intelligence Act), high-risk system obligations.

Rosbach E, et al. “Automation Bias in AI-Assisted Medical Decision-Making under Time Pressure in Computational Pathology.” Bildverarbeitung fur die Medizin. 2025.

Shaw SD, Nave G. “Thinking, Fast, Slow, and Artificial: How AI is Reshaping Human Reasoning and the Rise of Cognitive Surrender.” SSRN 6097646. 2026.

Utah Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy / Doctronic. AI prescription-renewal pilot, regulatory sandbox. Launched 6 January 2026.

Woollett K, Maguire EA. “Acquiring ‘the Knowledge’ of London’s layout drives structural brain changes.” Current Biology. 2011;21(24):2109-2114.

Yang Xin, et al. AI-literacy mediation study, twelve-month three-wave longitudinal cohort. npj Digital Medicine. 2026;9:344.

Zhou Y, et al. Uncertainty-aware large language models for explainable disease diagnosis (the ConfiDx study). npj Digital Medicine. 2025;8:690.